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✏️ Editing: abstracts.py

# MySQL Connector/Python - MySQL driver written in Python.
# Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

# MySQL Connector/Python is licensed under the terms of the GPLv2
# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html>, like most
# MySQL Connectors. There are special exceptions to the terms and
# conditions of the GPLv2 as it is applied to this software, see the
# FOSS License Exception
# <http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/licensing/foss-exception.html>.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA

"""Module gathering all abstract base classes"""

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod, abstractproperty
import re
import time

from .catch23 import make_abc, BYTE_TYPES
from .conversion import MySQLConverterBase
from .constants import ClientFlag, CharacterSet, DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION
from .optionfiles import MySQLOptionsParser
from . import errors

@make_abc(ABCMeta)
class MySQLConnectionAbstract(object):

"""Abstract class for classes connecting to a MySQL server"""

def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """Initialize"""
        self._client_flags = ClientFlag.get_default()
        self._charset_id = 33
        self._sql_mode = None
        self._time_zone = None
        self._autocommit = False
        self._server_version = None
        self._handshake = None

self._user = ''
        self._password = ''
        self._database = ''
        self._host = '127.0.0.1'
        self._port = 3306
        self._unix_socket = None
        self._client_host = ''
        self._client_port = 0
        self._ssl = {}
        self._force_ipv6 = False

self._use_unicode = True
        self._get_warnings = False
        self._raise_on_warnings = False
        self._connection_timeout = None
        self._buffered = False
        self._unread_result = False
        self._have_next_result = False
        self._raw = False
        self._in_transaction = False

self._prepared_statements = None

self._ssl_active = False
        self._auth_plugin = None
        self._pool_config_version = None
        self.converter = None
        self._converter_class = None
        self._compress = False

self._consume_results = False

def _get_self(self):
        """Return self for weakref.proxy

This method is used when the original object is needed when using
        weakref.proxy.
        """
        return self

def _read_option_files(self, config):
        """
        Read option files for connection parameters.

Checks if connection arguments contain option file arguments, and then
        reads option files accordingly.
        """
        if 'option_files' in config:
            try:
                if isinstance(config['option_groups'], str):
                    config['option_groups'] = [config['option_groups']]
                groups = config['option_groups']
                del config['option_groups']
            except KeyError:
                groups = ['client', 'connector_python']

if isinstance(config['option_files'], str):
                config['option_files'] = [config['option_files']]
            option_parser = MySQLOptionsParser(list(config['option_files']),
                                               keep_dashes=False)
            del config['option_files']

config_from_file = option_parser.get_groups_as_dict_with_priority(
                *groups)
            config_options = {}
            for group in groups:
                try:
                    for option, value in config_from_file[group].items():
                        try:
                            if option == 'socket':
                                option = 'unix_socket'
                            # pylint: disable=W0104
                            DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION[option]
                            # pylint: enable=W0104

if (option not in config_options or
                                    config_options[option][1] <= value[1]):
                                config_options[option] = value
                        except KeyError:
                            if group is 'connector_python':
                                raise AttributeError("Unsupported argument "
                                                     "'{0}'".format(option))
                except KeyError:
                    continue

for option, value in config_options.items():
                if option not in config:
                    try:
                        config[option] = eval(value[0])  # pylint: disable=W0123
                    except (NameError, SyntaxError):
                        config[option] = value[0]
        return config

@property
    def user(self):
        """User used while connecting to MySQL"""
        return self._user

@property
    def server_host(self):
        """MySQL server IP address or name"""
        return self._host

@property
    def server_port(self):
        "MySQL server TCP/IP port"
        return self._port

@property
    def unix_socket(self):
        "MySQL Unix socket file location"
        return self._unix_socket

@abstractproperty
    def database(self):
        """Get the current database"""
        pass

@database.setter
    def database(self, value):
        """Set the current database"""
        self.cmd_query("USE %s" % value)

@property
    def can_consume_results(self):
        """Returns whether to consume results"""
        return self._consume_results

def config(self, **kwargs):
        """Configure the MySQL Connection

This method allows you to configure the MySQLConnection instance.

Raises on errors.
        """
        config = kwargs.copy()
        if 'dsn' in config:
            raise errors.NotSupportedError("Data source name is not supported")

# Read option files
        self._read_option_files(config)

# Configure how we handle MySQL warnings
        try:
            self.get_warnings = config['get_warnings']
            del config['get_warnings']
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Leave what was set or default
        try:
            self.raise_on_warnings = config['raise_on_warnings']
            del config['raise_on_warnings']
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Leave what was set or default

# Configure client flags
        try:
            default = ClientFlag.get_default()
            self.set_client_flags(config['client_flags'] or default)
            del config['client_flags']
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Missing client_flags-argument is OK

try:
            if config['compress']:
                self._compress = True
                self.set_client_flags([ClientFlag.COMPRESS])
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Missing compress argument is OK

try:
            if not config['allow_local_infile']:
                self.set_client_flags([-ClientFlag.LOCAL_FILES])
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Missing allow_local_infile argument is OK

try:
            if not config['consume_results']:
                self._consume_results = False
            else:
                self._consume_results = True
        except KeyError:
            self._consume_results = False

# Configure character set and collation
        if 'charset' in config or 'collation' in config:
            try:
                charset = config['charset']
                del config['charset']
            except KeyError:
                charset = None
            try:
                collation = config['collation']
                del config['collation']
            except KeyError:
                collation = None
            self._charset_id = CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset,
                                                             collation)[0]

# Set converter class
        try:
            self.set_converter_class(config['converter_class'])
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Using default converter class
        except TypeError:
            raise AttributeError("Converter class should be a subclass "
                                 "of conversion.MySQLConverterBase.")

# Compatible configuration with other drivers
        compat_map = [
            # (<other driver argument>,<translates to>)
            ('db', 'database'),
            ('passwd', 'password'),
            ('connect_timeout', 'connection_timeout'),
        ]
        for compat, translate in compat_map:
            try:
                if translate not in config:
                    config[translate] = config[compat]
                del config[compat]
            except KeyError:
                pass  # Missing compat argument is OK

# Configure login information
        if 'user' in config or 'password' in config:
            try:
                user = config['user']
                del config['user']
            except KeyError:
                user = self._user
            try:
                password = config['password']
                del config['password']
            except KeyError:
                password = self._password
            self.set_login(user, password)

# Check network locations
        try:
            self._port = int(config['port'])
            del config['port']
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Missing port argument is OK
        except ValueError:
            raise errors.InterfaceError(
                "TCP/IP port number should be an integer")

# Other configuration
        set_ssl_flag = False
        for key, value in config.items():
            try:
                DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION[key]
            except KeyError:
                raise AttributeError("Unsupported argument '{0}'".format(key))
            # SSL Configuration
            if key.startswith('ssl_'):
                set_ssl_flag = True
                self._ssl.update({key.replace('ssl_', ''): value})
            else:
                attribute = '_' + key
                try:
                    setattr(self, attribute, value.strip())
                except AttributeError:
                    setattr(self, attribute, value)

if set_ssl_flag:
            if 'verify_cert' not in self._ssl:
                self._ssl['verify_cert'] = \
                    DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION['ssl_verify_cert']
            # Make sure both ssl_key/ssl_cert are set, or neither (XOR)
            if 'ca' not in self._ssl or self._ssl['ca'] is None:
                raise AttributeError(
                    "Missing ssl_ca argument.")
            if bool('key' in self._ssl) != bool('cert' in self._ssl):
                raise AttributeError(
                    "ssl_key and ssl_cert need to be both "
                    "specified, or neither."
                )
            # Make sure key/cert are set to None
            elif not set(('key', 'cert')) <= set(self._ssl):
                self._ssl['key'] = None
                self._ssl['cert'] = None
            elif (self._ssl['key'] is None) != (self._ssl['cert'] is None):
                raise AttributeError(
                    "ssl_key and ssl_cert need to be both "
                    "set, or neither."
                )
            self.set_client_flags([ClientFlag.SSL])

def _check_server_version(self, server_version):
        """Check the MySQL version

This method will check the MySQL version and raise an InterfaceError
        when it is not supported or invalid. It will return the version
        as a tuple with major, minor and patch.

Raises InterfaceError if invalid server version.

Returns tuple
        """
        if isinstance(server_version, BYTE_TYPES):
            server_version = server_version.decode()

# pylint: disable=W1401
        regex_ver = re.compile(r"^(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,3})(.*)")
        # pylint: enable=W1401
        match = regex_ver.match(server_version)
        if not match:
            raise errors.InterfaceError("Failed parsing MySQL version")

version = tuple([int(v) for v in match.groups()[0:3]])
        if 'fabric' in match.group(4).lower():
            if version < (1, 5):
                raise errors.InterfaceError(
                    "MySQL Fabric '{0}' is not supported".format(
                        server_version))
        elif version < (4, 1):
            raise errors.InterfaceError(
                "MySQL Version '{0}' is not supported.".format(server_version))

return version

def get_server_version(self):
        """Get the MySQL version

This method returns the MySQL server version as a tuple. If not
        previously connected, it will return None.

Returns a tuple or None.
        """
        return self._server_version

def get_server_info(self):
        """Get the original MySQL version information

This method returns the original MySQL server as text. If not
        previously connected, it will return None.

Returns a string or None.
        """
        try:
            return self._handshake['server_version_original']
        except (TypeError, KeyError):
            return None

@abstractproperty
    def in_transaction(self):
        """MySQL session has started a transaction"""
        pass

def set_client_flags(self, flags):
        """Set the client flags

The flags-argument can be either an int or a list (or tuple) of
        ClientFlag-values. If it is an integer, it will set client_flags
        to flags as is.
        If flags is a list (or tuple), each flag will be set or unset
        when it's negative.

set_client_flags([ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS,-ClientFlag.LONG_FLAG])

Raises ProgrammingError when the flags argument is not a set or
        an integer bigger than 0.

Returns self.client_flags
        """
        if isinstance(flags, int) and flags > 0:
            self._client_flags = flags
        elif isinstance(flags, (tuple, list)):
            for flag in flags:
                if flag < 0:
                    self._client_flags &= ~abs(flag)
                else:
                    self._client_flags |= flag
        else:
            raise errors.ProgrammingError(
                "set_client_flags expect integer (>0) or set")
        return self._client_flags

def isset_client_flag(self, flag):
        """Check if a client flag is set"""
        if (self._client_flags & flag) > 0:
            return True
        return False

@property
    def time_zone(self):
        """Get the current time zone"""
        return self.info_query("SELECT @@session.time_zone")[0]

@time_zone.setter
    def time_zone(self, value):
        """Set the time zone"""
        self.cmd_query("SET @@session.time_zone = '{0}'".format(value))
        self._time_zone = value

@property
    def sql_mode(self):
        """Get the SQL mode"""
        return self.info_query("SELECT @@session.sql_mode")[0]

@sql_mode.setter
    def sql_mode(self, value):
        """Set the SQL mode

This method sets the SQL Mode for the current connection. The value
        argument can be either a string with comma separate mode names, or
        a sequence of mode names.

It is good practice to use the constants class SQLMode:
          from mysql.connector.constants import SQLMode
          cnx.sql_mode = [SQLMode.NO_ZERO_DATE, SQLMode.REAL_AS_FLOAT]
        """
        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = ','.join(value)
        self.cmd_query("SET @@session.sql_mode = '{0}'".format(value))
        self._sql_mode = value

@abstractmethod
    def info_query(self, query):
        """Send a query which only returns 1 row"""
        pass

def set_login(self, username=None, password=None):
        """Set login information for MySQL

Set the username and/or password for the user connecting to
        the MySQL Server.
        """
        if username is not None:
            self._user = username.strip()
        else:
            self._user = ''
        if password is not None:
            self._password = password
        else:
            self._password = ''

def set_unicode(self, value=True):
        """Toggle unicode mode

Set whether we return string fields as unicode or not.
        Default is True.
        """
        self._use_unicode = value
        if self.converter:
            self.converter.set_unicode(value)

@property
    def autocommit(self):
        """Get whether autocommit is on or off"""
        value = self.info_query("SELECT @@session.autocommit")[0]
        return True if value == 1 else False

@autocommit.setter
    def autocommit(self, value):
        """Toggle autocommit"""
        switch = 'ON' if value else 'OFF'
        self.cmd_query("SET @@session.autocommit = {0}".format(switch))
        self._autocommit = value

@property
    def get_warnings(self):
        """Get whether this connection retrieves warnings automatically

This method returns whether this connection retrieves warnings
        automatically.

Returns True, or False when warnings are not retrieved.
        """
        return self._get_warnings

@get_warnings.setter
    def get_warnings(self, value):
        """Set whether warnings should be automatically retrieved

The toggle-argument must be a boolean. When True, cursors for this
        connection will retrieve information about warnings (if any).

Raises ValueError on error.
        """
        if not isinstance(value, bool):
            raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type")
        self._get_warnings = value

@property
    def raise_on_warnings(self):
        """Get whether this connection raises an error on warnings

This method returns whether this connection will raise errors when
        MySQL reports warnings.

Returns True or False.
        """
        return self._raise_on_warnings

@raise_on_warnings.setter
    def raise_on_warnings(self, value):
        """Set whether warnings raise an error

The toggle-argument must be a boolean. When True, cursors for this
        connection will raise an error when MySQL reports warnings.

Raising on warnings implies retrieving warnings automatically. In
        other words: warnings will be set to True. If set to False, warnings
        will be also set to False.

Raises ValueError on error.
        """
        if not isinstance(value, bool):
            raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type")
        self._raise_on_warnings = value
        self._get_warnings = value

@property
    def unread_result(self):
        """Get whether there is an unread result

This method is used by cursors to check whether another cursor still
        needs to retrieve its result set.

Returns True, or False when there is no unread result.
        """
        return self._unread_result

@unread_result.setter
    def unread_result(self, value):
        """Set whether there is an unread result

This method is used by cursors to let other cursors know there is
        still a result set that needs to be retrieved.

Raises ValueError on errors.
        """
        if not isinstance(value, bool):
            raise ValueError("Expected a boolean type")
        self._unread_result = value

@property
    def charset(self):
        """Returns the character set for current connection

This property returns the character set name of the current connection.
        The server is queried when the connection is active. If not connected,
        the configured character set name is returned.

Returns a string.
        """
        return CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0]

@property
    def python_charset(self):
        """Returns the Python character set for current connection

This property returns the character set name of the current connection.
        Note that, unlike property charset, this checks if the previously set
        character set is supported by Python and if not, it returns the
        equivalent character set that Python supports.

Returns a string.
        """
        encoding = CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0]
        if encoding in ('utf8mb4', 'binary'):
            return 'utf8'
        else:
            return encoding

def set_charset_collation(self, charset=None, collation=None):
        """Sets the character set and collation for the current connection

This method sets the character set and collation to be used for
        the current connection. The charset argument can be either the
        name of a character set as a string, or the numerical equivalent
        as defined in constants.CharacterSet.

When the collation is not given, the default will be looked up and
        used.

For example, the following will set the collation for the latin1
        character set to latin1_general_ci:

set_charset('latin1','latin1_general_ci')

"""
        if charset:
            if isinstance(charset, int):
                self._charset_id = charset
                (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \
                    CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset)
            elif isinstance(charset, str):
                (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \
                    CharacterSet.get_charset_info(charset, collation)
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    "charset should be either integer, string or None")
        elif collation:
            (self._charset_id, charset_name, collation_name) = \
                    CharacterSet.get_charset_info(collation=collation)

self._execute_query("SET NAMES '{0}' COLLATE '{1}'".format(
            charset_name, collation_name))

try:
            # Required for C Extension
            self.set_character_set_name(charset_name)  # pylint: disable=E1101
        except AttributeError:
            # Not required for pure Python connection
            pass

if self.converter:
            self.converter.set_charset(charset_name)

@property
    def collation(self):
        """Returns the collation for current connection

This property returns the collation name of the current connection.
        The server is queried when the connection is active. If not connected,
        the configured collation name is returned.

Returns a string.
        """
        return CharacterSet.get_charset_info(self._charset_id)[2]

@abstractmethod
    def _do_handshake(self):
        """Gather information of the MySQL server before authentication"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def _open_connection(self):
        """Open the connection to the MySQL server"""
        pass

def _post_connection(self):
        """Executes commands after connection has been established

This method executes commands after the connection has been
        established. Some setting like autocommit, character set, and SQL mode
        are set using this method.
        """
        self.set_charset_collation(self._charset_id)
        self.autocommit = self._autocommit
        if self._time_zone:
            self.time_zone = self._time_zone
        if self._sql_mode:
            self.sql_mode = self._sql_mode

@abstractmethod
    def disconnect(self):
        """Disconnect from the MySQL server"""
        pass
    close = disconnect

def connect(self, **kwargs):
        """Connect to the MySQL server

This method sets up the connection to the MySQL server. If no
        arguments are given, it will use the already configured or default
        values.
        """
        if len(kwargs) > 0:
            self.config(**kwargs)

self.disconnect()
        self._open_connection()
        self._post_connection()

def reconnect(self, attempts=1, delay=0):
        """Attempt to reconnect to the MySQL server

The argument attempts should be the number of times a reconnect
        is tried. The delay argument is the number of seconds to wait between
        each retry.

You may want to set the number of attempts higher and use delay when
        you expect the MySQL server to be down for maintenance or when you
        expect the network to be temporary unavailable.

Raises InterfaceError on errors.
        """
        counter = 0
        while counter != attempts:
            counter = counter + 1
            try:
                self.disconnect()
                self.connect()
                if self.is_connected():
                    break
            except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=W0703
                if counter == attempts:
                    msg = "Can not reconnect to MySQL after {0} "\
                          "attempt(s): {1}".format(attempts, str(err))
                    raise errors.InterfaceError(msg)
            if delay > 0:
                time.sleep(delay)

@abstractmethod
    def is_connected(self):
        """Reports whether the connection to MySQL Server is available"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def ping(self, reconnect=False, attempts=1, delay=0):
        """Check availability of the MySQL server"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def commit(self):
        """Commit current transaction"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def cursor(self, buffered=None, raw=None, prepared=None, cursor_class=None,
               dictionary=None, named_tuple=None):
        """Instantiates and returns a cursor"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def _execute_query(self, query):
        """Execute a query"""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def rollback(self):
        """Rollback current transaction"""
        pass

def start_transaction(self, consistent_snapshot=False,
                          isolation_level=None, readonly=None):
        """Start a transaction

This method explicitly starts a transaction sending the
        START TRANSACTION statement to the MySQL server. You can optionally
        set whether there should be a consistent snapshot, which
        isolation level you need or which access mode i.e. READ ONLY or
        READ WRITE.

For example, to start a transaction with isolation level SERIALIZABLE,
        you would do the following:
            >>> cnx = mysql.connector.connect(..)
            >>> cnx.start_transaction(isolation_level='SERIALIZABLE')

Raises ProgrammingError when a transaction is already in progress
        and when ValueError when isolation_level specifies an Unknown
        level.
        """
        if self.in_transaction:
            raise errors.ProgrammingError("Transaction already in progress")

if isolation_level:
            level = isolation_level.strip().replace('-', ' ').upper()
            levels = ['READ UNCOMMITTED', 'READ COMMITTED', 'REPEATABLE READ',
                      'SERIALIZABLE']

if level not in levels:
                raise ValueError(
                    'Unknown isolation level "{0}"'.format(isolation_level))

self._execute_query(
                "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL {0}".format(level))

if readonly is not None:
            if self._server_version < (5, 6, 5):
                raise ValueError(
                    "MySQL server version {0} does not support "
                    "this feature".format(self._server_version))

if readonly:
                access_mode = 'READ ONLY'
            else:
                access_mode = 'READ WRITE'
            self._execute_query(
                "SET TRANSACTION {0}".format(access_mode))

query = "START TRANSACTION"
        if consistent_snapshot:
            query += " WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT"
        self.cmd_query(query)

def reset_session(self, user_variables=None, session_variables=None):
        """Clears the current active session

This method resets the session state, if the MySQL server is 5.7.3
        or later active session will be reset without re-authenticating.
        For other server versions session will be reset by re-authenticating.

It is possible to provide a sequence of variables and their values to
        be set after clearing the session. This is possible for both user
        defined variables and session variables.
        This method takes two arguments user_variables and session_variables
        which are dictionaries.

Raises OperationalError if not connected, InternalError if there are
        unread results and InterfaceError on errors.
        """
        if not self.is_connected():
            raise errors.OperationalError("MySQL Connection not available.")

try:
            self.cmd_reset_connection()
        except (errors.NotSupportedError, NotImplementedError):
            if self._compress:
                raise errors.NotSupportedError(
                    "Reset session is not supported with compression for "
                    "MySQL server version 5.7.2 or earlier.")
            else:
                self.cmd_change_user(self._user, self._password,
                                     self._database, self._charset_id)

if user_variables or session_variables:
            cur = self.cursor()
            if user_variables:
                for key, value in user_variables.items():
                    cur.execute("SET @`{0}` = %s".format(key), (value,))
            if session_variables:
                for key, value in session_variables.items():
                    cur.execute("SET SESSION `{0}` = %s".format(key), (value,))
            cur.close()

def set_converter_class(self, convclass):
        """
        Set the converter class to be used. This should be a class overloading
        methods and members of conversion.MySQLConverter.
        """
        if convclass and issubclass(convclass, MySQLConverterBase):
            charset_name = CharacterSet.get_info(self._charset_id)[0]
            self._converter_class = convclass
            self.converter = convclass(charset_name, self._use_unicode)
        else:
            raise TypeError("Converter class should be a subclass "
                            "of conversion.MySQLConverterBase.")

@abstractmethod
    def get_rows(self, count=None, binary=False, columns=None):
        """Get all rows returned by the MySQL server"""
        pass

def cmd_init_db(self, database):
        """Change the current database"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_query(self, query, raw=False, buffered=False, raw_as_string=False):
        """Send a query to the MySQL server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_query_iter(self, statements):
        """Send one or more statements to the MySQL server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_refresh(self, options):
        """Send the Refresh command to the MySQL server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_quit(self):
        """Close the current connection with the server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_shutdown(self, shutdown_type=None):
        """Shut down the MySQL Server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_statistics(self):
        """Send the statistics command to the MySQL Server"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_process_info(self):
        """Get the process list of the MySQL Server

This method is a placeholder to notify that the PROCESS_INFO command
        is not supported by raising the NotSupportedError. The command
        "SHOW PROCESSLIST" should be send using the cmd_query()-method or
        using the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database.

Raises NotSupportedError exception
        """
        raise errors.NotSupportedError(
            "Not implemented. Use SHOW PROCESSLIST or INFORMATION_SCHEMA")

def cmd_process_kill(self, mysql_pid):
        """Kill a MySQL process"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_debug(self):
        """Send the DEBUG command"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_ping(self):
        """Send the PING command"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_change_user(self, username='', password='', database='',
                        charset=33):
        """Change the current logged in user"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_stmt_prepare(self, statement):
        """Prepare a MySQL statement"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_stmt_execute(self, statement_id, data=(), parameters=(), flags=0):
        """Execute a prepared MySQL statement"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_stmt_close(self, statement_id):
        """Deallocate a prepared MySQL statement"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_stmt_send_long_data(self, statement_id, param_id, data):
        """Send data for a column"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_stmt_reset(self, statement_id):
        """Reset data for prepared statement sent as long data"""
        raise NotImplementedError

def cmd_reset_connection(self):
        """Resets the session state without re-authenticating"""
        raise NotImplementedError

@make_abc(ABCMeta)
class MySQLCursorAbstract(object):
    """Abstract cursor class

Abstract class defining cursor class with method and members
    required by the Python Database API Specification v2.0.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        """Initialization"""
        self._description = None
        self._rowcount = -1
        self._last_insert_id = None
        self._warnings = None
        self.arraysize = 1

@abstractmethod
    def callproc(self, procname, args=()):
        """Calls a stored procedure with the given arguments

The arguments will be set during this session, meaning
        they will be called like  _<procname>__arg<nr> where
        <nr> is an enumeration (+1) of the arguments.

Coding Example:
          1) Defining the Stored Routine in MySQL:
          CREATE PROCEDURE multiply(IN pFac1 INT, IN pFac2 INT, OUT pProd INT)
          BEGIN
            SET pProd := pFac1 * pFac2;
          END

2) Executing in Python:
          args = (5,5,0) # 0 is to hold pprod
          cursor.callproc('multiply', args)
          print(cursor.fetchone())

Does not return a value, but a result set will be
        available when the CALL-statement execute successfully.
        Raises exceptions when something is wrong.
        """
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def close(self):
        """Close the cursor."""
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def execute(self, operation, params=(), multi=False):
        """Executes the given operation

Executes the given operation substituting any markers with
        the given parameters.

For example, getting all rows where id is 5:
          cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE id = %s", (5,))

The multi argument should be set to True when executing multiple
        statements in one operation. If not set and multiple results are
        found, an InterfaceError will be raised.

If warnings where generated, and connection.get_warnings is True, then
        self._warnings will be a list containing these warnings.

Returns an iterator when multi is True, otherwise None.
        """
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def executemany(self, operation, seqparams):
        """Execute the given operation multiple times

The executemany() method will execute the operation iterating
        over the list of parameters in seq_params.

Example: Inserting 3 new employees and their phone number

data = [
            ('Jane','555-001'),
            ('Joe', '555-001'),
            ('John', '555-003')
            ]
        stmt = "INSERT INTO employees (name, phone) VALUES ('%s','%s')"
        cursor.executemany(stmt, data)

INSERT statements are optimized by batching the data, that is
        using the MySQL multiple rows syntax.

Results are discarded. If they are needed, consider looping over
        data using the execute() method.
        """
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def fetchone(self):
        """Returns next row of a query result set

Returns a tuple or None.
        """
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def fetchmany(self, size=1):
        """Returns the next set of rows of a query result, returning a
        list of tuples. When no more rows are available, it returns an
        empty list.

The number of rows returned can be specified using the size argument,
        which defaults to one
        """
        pass

@abstractmethod
    def fetchall(self):
        """Returns all rows of a query result set

Returns a list of tuples.
        """
        pass

def nextset(self):
        """Not Implemented."""
        pass

def setinputsizes(self, sizes):
        """Not Implemented."""
        pass

def setoutputsize(self, size, column=None):
        """Not Implemented."""
        pass

def reset(self, free=True):
        """Reset the cursor to default"""
        pass

@abstractproperty
    def description(self):
        """Returns description of columns in a result

This property returns a list of tuples describing the columns in
        in a result set. A tuple is described as follows::

(column_name,
                 type,
                 None,
                 None,
                 None,
                 None,
                 null_ok,
                 column_flags)  # Addition to PEP-249 specs

Returns a list of tuples.
        """
        return self._description

@abstractproperty
    def rowcount(self):
        """Returns the number of rows produced or affected

This property returns the number of rows produced by queries
        such as a SELECT, or affected rows when executing DML statements
        like INSERT or UPDATE.

Note that for non-buffered cursors it is impossible to know the
        number of rows produced before having fetched them all. For those,
        the number of rows will be -1 right after execution, and
        incremented when fetching rows.

Returns an integer.
        """
        return self._rowcount

@abstractproperty
    def lastrowid(self):
        """Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column

Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by
        the previous INSERT or UPDATE statement or None when there is
        no such value available.

Returns a long value or None.
        """
        return self._last_insert_id

def fetchwarnings(self):
        """Returns Warnings."""
        return self._warnings

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